On the last day of this year’s BHoC council, the second topic of the agenda, which relates to finding alternative solutions in order to make Brexit work without implementing any hard borders on British territory, was discussed. Bills were proposed, both of them proposing the use of technology to control trade in British territory, implementing solutions such as the green and red lanes, which would separate products between low risk (products going into Northern Ireland and destined to stay there) and high risk (products destined for the rest of the EU), the first category going into the green lanes and the second to the red lanes, requiring more custom checks. The bill also emphasizes the need to protect Northern Ireland’s sovereignty and suggests that a costum’s union is maintained with the EU until further solutions are tested and implemented.

However, a large difference in both bills was that one of them proposed a 2nd referendum for Brexit, while the other one didn’t. This led to a long, very heated debate, and stood as the most remarkable difference between the two blocks that formed within this council. One side defended that the population had not been properly informed about Brexit and that the majority of British people wished for a 2nd referendum, while the other believed that re-voting for Brexit would be a waste of time and money, and that the population had already once decided and had enough means to do so. In the end, the 2nd referendum did not pass, and the council decided that Brexit will happen, for sure.

On the third and final day of HUMUNITED, delegates began with an unmoderated caucus to develop a crisis working paper, which was officially presented by Pakistan. The council then resumed discussions on the main agenda topic, dividing into two groups to deliver speeches either in favor or against the proposed working papers. Countries like the U.S., UK, India, France, Japan, and Indonesia defended democratic transparency and support for human rights, while China, Russia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and others stressed national sovereignty and cultural respect.

China gave a strong speech in favor of its working paper, highlighting the dangers of external interference and arguing that democracy cannot be forced. Indonesia raised concerns about the reliability of data and proposed a new electoral system to ensure human rights. The UK reinforced its commitment to press freedom and cultural sensitivity, while Pakistan criticized the main submitters of the second working paper for their own human rights violations.

During the following session, delegates voted clause by clause on the chosen working paper. In a semi-moderated caucus, Afghanistan read aloud the final draft resolution, co-submitted by China, Myanmar, and Iran. The document focused on preserving cultural identity, ensuring national security, and promoting democracy that respects each country’s unique background. The resolution was accepted, signaling a moment of unity despite previous divisions.

To conclude the conference, the delegate of Afghanistan delivered a heartfelt closing speech about the importance of democracy and praised the work of both delegates and chairs. With the announcement of the Deleawards and a final round of applause, HUMUNITED 2025 Human Rights counsil came to an official end.

During the fourth session of the JUNICEF Council, delegates from many countries met to talk about ways to stop racism in basic education. They shared ideas to make schools more fair and respectful for all students. Some of the main suggestions were to train teachers about racism, give monthly talks in schools about respect and equality, and create safe spaces where students and teachers can talk about discrimination and get support. 

A big part of the discussion was about creating an international fund to help poorer countries improve their schools. The money would be used for anti-racist programs, but only if the country follows certain rules. To receive the money, the rules are: Countries would have to prove they need the help, use at least three of the suggested anti-racist policies, and send a report every five years. If a country misuses the money, it will stop getting help from the fund. 

Delegates also talked about how racism and poverty often go together, making life even harder for some students. They said schools have a big responsibility to teach respect and to protect students and teachers who are targets of racism. Many countries agreed that real change needs to happen both inside schools and in society as a whole. 

In the end, the council showed a strong wish to take action. All delegates agreed that every child should feel safe and respected at school. They said that fighting racism is not just about rules, but about creating a better future where all children have the same chances to learn and grow.

On the third day of the Historical Council, delegates continued debating the future of Palestine in 1947, with the base idea of the creation of a binational state. The session began with Saudi Arabia, which defended that stability was the key to avoiding future conflicts. As a possible path to that goal, the delegation suggested that Palestine could sell oil as a way of sustaining itself. Egypt agreed and added that gas could also be managed by Palestine, proposing the creation of a company to control both resources and avoid foreign influence. France supported this idea but warned that more powerful countries might take advantage of the situation. Poland proposed a political transition to eliminate any remaining Nazi influence and defended equal rights for all, including access to education and fair salaries. Iraq questioned how children’s rights would be protected, and Poland responded by suggesting the construction of schools across different areas. Pakistan supported many of Poland’s ideas, while Iraq also emphasized the protection of culture and religion, and the importance of inclusive education programs. Canada agreed with Iraq and France, highlighting the need to respect and improve education and culture.

Brazil raised worries about the economic impact of dividing the region. The delegation disagreed with the idea of forcing two opposing groups to live under the same government, saying that this could result in future conflict. Brazil also supported turning Jerusalem into an international city to avoid religious disputes. Syria defended the idea of a neutral and international state, under global supervision. The United States focused on economic recovery and security, supporting Jewish protection and encouraging the creation of UN-led programs to help rebuild Palestine. The USSR supported a shared state with equal power between Jews and Arabs, and emphasized the importance of cultural respect and caution. The United Kingdom also supported UN involvement and called for international cooperation to form a stable and peaceful government.

As the final day came to an end, it was clear how much progress had been made over the course of the simulation. The debates brought forward a variety of perspectives and helped delegates better understand one of the most complex historical conflicts. The experience left a strong impression on everyone involved, showing that dialogue, empathy, and cooperation are essential tools for building peace.

On the third day of debate, the UN Women Council focused on educational challenges in the Middle East as a very relevant part of achieving gender equality. Delegates widely recognized that education plays a key role in empowering women and girls, but access remains limited due to poverty, early marriage, conflict, and cultural restrictions. Countries like Iraq and Yemen called for targeted investments in female education and safer learning environments, while Germany and Poland emphasized the need for a monitoring framework to track progress and ensure accountability. 

The UAE encouraged international cooperation to remove legal and social barriers without interfering with national education systems.
Cultural concerns remained present in the debate. Afghanistan strongly opposed foreign influence, rejecting “Western brainwashing,” while still affirming support for education within Islamic principles. Delegations such as France and the USA underlined that education is a universal human right and proposed solutions like mobile programs, scholarships, and digital platforms to reach underrepresented girls. Pakistan, India, and Saudi Arabia encouraged collaboration with NGOs and religious leaders to implement reforms in a respectful and culturally grounded way.

These discussions led to the introduction of Working Paper 3, co-submitted by Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. It included proposals for rebuilding schools, providing safe transportation for girls, launching awareness campaigns, and creating a Regional Scholarship Program in partnership with UNESCO. The committee then finalized and reviewed the Draft Resolution, which combined educational measures with earlier proposals on child marriage, legal reform, and digital justice. The session closed with the reading of the resolution and the end of formal debate, highlighting a growing consensus around education as a shared priority, even across differing cultural and political perspectives.

The third and final day of the 2025 edition of HUMUNITED began with a brief writing session lasting approximately ten minutes, during which each delegation conducted additional research to further develop their positions for the upcoming debates. Shortly thereafter, the seventh formal session commenced.

The first delegation to speak was the Swiss Confederation, which emphasized the urgent need for effective measures to prevent natural disasters. Switzerland also pledged to assist in the reconstruction of hospitals and essential healthcare facilities to ensure improved medical services for the Haitian population. Moreover, the Swiss delegation raised concerns about the increasing involvement of youth in criminal activities, advocating for public policies that address the structural roots of this issue.

A particularly intense moment arose during a heated debate between France and Mexico. The French Republic maintained a firm and coherent stance, supporting its arguments with documentation regarding the handling of approximately 21 billion U.S. dollars. In turn, the Mexican delegation accused France of bearing historical responsibility for Haiti’s current situation, while emphasizing that France is not the only country involved in the longstanding crises affecting the nation.
The Haitian delegation voiced strong dissatisfaction with the direction of the discussions, expressing concern that key issues relevant to its national context were being debated in forums that failed to prioritize the humanitarian dimension of the crisis. One of the central topics addressed was the development of projects aimed at supporting immigrants from neighboring countries. Haiti reiterated the urgent need for humanitarian solutions, specifically proposing the creation of mobile clinics to provide healthcare services to vulnerable immigrant populations.

During the final session, the matter of historical reparations from France was revisited. Following extensive negotiations, France and Haiti reached an agreement: the French delegation committed to paying approximately 3 billion U.S. dollars in historical reparations, marking a symbolic gesture of responsibility and commitment to reconstruction.

During the first session, the delegates addressed the second topic on the agenda, which was “The Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology”. The discussion centered around three main subtopics: the reutilization of modern nuclear reactors located in former Soviet countries, the implementation of specific policies aimed at promoting the peaceful use of nuclear technology, and the restructuring and redirection of fissile materials, focusing on determining the fate of enriched uranium and plutonium derived from dismantled arsenals.

The delegations were highly productive, culminating in the drafting of a working paper that outlined potential solutions to the issues under discussion. Upon conclusion of the debate, the delegates reached a unanimous agreement on the content of the document. There were no speeches against and no voting procedures were required, as all nations agreed with all clauses. Several amendments were proposed by countries such as the Republic of Cuba, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the United Kingdom, but only those submitted by Cuba and Iran were approved.

In the final session, the focus shifted to drafting and completing the final resolution, which was unanimously adopted without opposition. At this stage, only one amendment, proposed by Russia, was presented. Finally, the delegations within the IAEA succeeded in achieving a consensus and adopting a resolution aimed at ensuring international peace and nuclear security. This accomplishment exemplifies the collective commitment of all member states to promoting the peaceful use of nuclear technology on a global scale.

The second day at the UNSC was notably calmer, with discussions focused on a single topic that led to the drafting of a working paper and, ultimately, a draft resolution.

The unmoderated caucus began with a spirit of collaboration, as delegates initially worked toward producing a unified document. However, as differences in opinion emerged, the Ethiopian delegate urged Somalia to draft a separate working paper, resulting in a clear division within the committee.

Despite this split, the main submitters of Ethiopia’s working paper, the United Kingdom and Ethiopia itself, expressed support for the majority of the clauses put forward by Somalia and its allies. Yet, in a sharp contrast to this cooperative tone, Ethiopia insisted on the removal of a clause proposed by Egypt that called for the creation of an African Football League, dismissing it as “ridiculous” and “not serious.”

Ultimately, while disagreements momentarily disrupted the committee’s cohesion, the day’s developments reflected the resilience and adaptability of diplomatic negotiation. Delegates remained engaged, demonstrating that even divergent perspectives can contribute to meaningful dialogue and progress within the United Nations Security Council.

On the last day of HUMUNITED 2025 The JUNEP Council successfully finalized its work, completing the second working paper and moving forward with the final resolution. Despite facing complex discussions and a global crisis, the committee remained united and delivered concrete solutions proving that international cooperation is not only possible, but effective.

Key proposals included: Improving waste management systems, supporting developing nations through funding and education, and encouraging the transition to a circular economy. Other important proposal were presented such as public awareness campaigns and sustainable alternatives. These ideas played a central role in the strategies agreed upon. The global discourse on environmental sustainability has highlighted the urgent need to support developing nations in managing plastic waste and modernizing infrastructure. As countries transition toward plastic bans, it is essential to ensure these shifts are accompanied by improvements in waste management systems, particularly in regions lacking the necessary infrastructure.

To address the challenges, an international knowledge-sharing initiative is being proposed, with diverse contributions reflecting each country’s perspective. Vietnam emphasizes the importance of United Nations-recognized frameworks and localizing knowledge to national contexts, urging all nations to adopt this principle. India advocates for fairness and inclusivity, calling for a forum where knowledge is shared to develop equitable solutions for all. Australia supports the creation of a global platform for exchanging experiences, while Canada proposes the “Global Ocean Pacific Forum” to help developing countries through governmental partnerships and shared expertise. The Philippines stresses open access and public participation, suggesting a forum where anyone can contribute ideas. Indonesia highlights collective experience, asserting that only united efforts can yield effective outcomes.

A major achievement was the creation of an international knowledge forum to promote continuous exchange between countries. With strong collaboration and shared purpose, the council ended with clear steps toward a more sustainable future.

On the final day of the ECOSOC sessions, delegates focused on addressing the socioeconomic challenges faced by oil-dependent countries amid the global energy transition. The seventh session began with a moderated caucus, where Venezuela expressed support for Iran's proposals on economic assistance, while China raised concerns about the implications of the Security Council's involvement. Delegates from developed and developing nations engaged in discussions, highlighting the need for urgent financial support, the promotion of green technologies, and the diversification of economies in affected countries.

After intense negotiations, two working papers—one representing developed countries and the other oil-dependent nations—were merged into a single comprehensive document. This unified approach aimed to address key challenges such as technological transfer, job creation, and fiscal diversification. The third working paper, which focused on ensuring the efficacy of long-term solutions, proposed innovative ideas such as the Clean Energy Demand Initiative (CEDI) and the reinvestment of international bank GDPs into renewable energy projects.

The final draft resolution incorporated these proposals, addressing urgent concerns like the revision of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the establishment of job training programs for populations in transition economies. The resolution also emphasized the importance of international cooperation and partnerships, particularly between developed and developing nations, to accelerate the energy transition and mitigate economic instability.

In a final vote, the resolution passed unanimously, marking a successful conclusion to the session. Delegates expressed satisfaction with the collaborative efforts and agreed to continue working toward implementing the solutions outlined in the resolution. The session reinforced the importance of collective action in achieving a sustainable and equitable energy future for all nations.